The Nutritional Effect of Alpha-Linolenic Acid-Rich Emulsion with Total Parenteral Nutrition in a Rat Model with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
The Nutritional Effect of Alpha-Linolenic Acid-Rich Emulsion with Total Parenteral Nutrition in a Rat Model with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Year: 1996
Authors: K Inui, Y Fukuta, A Ikeda, H Kameda, Y Kokuba, M Sato.
Publication Name: Ann. Nutr. Metab.
Publication Details: Volume 40; 227.
Abstract:
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) exhibit extreme inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and have elevated levels of LTB4. Soybean oil emulsions (SOE) are commonly used to supply EFAs and energy to IBD patients on total parenteral nutrition (TPN). It has been suggested that SOE may actually worsen the disease since soybean oil contains high levels of LA which is the precursor for AA, from which LTB4 is synthesized. Perilla oil is a popular oil in Japan where it is sold principally in the health food market. Perilla oil contains approximately 55% ALA which has been shown to depress the generation of LTB4 and alleviate inflammation. The objective of this study was to investigate the nutritional effects of a perilla oil emulsion (POE) in a rat model with IBD induced by 2,4,6-trinitro-benzenesulfonic acid. Emulsions of POE and SOE were infused at 20% of nonprotein dietary energy during 7 days of TPN. Following the infusion of the test solutions, body weight gain and cumulative nitrogen balance in the POE groups were significantly higher than those in the fat-free TPN (FF) group. Body weight gain and cumulative nitrogen balance in the POE groups were also higher than those in the SOE group, but the differences were not significant. In the POE group, plasma TC and PL levels were significantly decreased compared with the FF and SOE groups. TG concentrations in the plasma did not significantly differ between the groups. Plasma lipid peroxide concentrations are often increased in IBD. In the POE groups, lipid peroxides were significantly lower than in the SOE group. LA in the POE and SOE groups, and ALA in the POE group, were significantly higher in plasma total lipids when compared with the FF group. AA levels were significantly lower in the POE and FF groups compared with the SOE group and EPA in the POE group significantly increased compared with the SOE and FF groups. In the POE group, the EPA/AA ratio was significantly increased compared with the SOE group. In the colon, thickness and damage (hyperemia and thickening of the bowel wall) scores were significantly depressed in the POE group compared with the SOE group. The results suggest that POE provides better nutritional support and improves inflammation in IBD in comparison to SOE.
