Risk of Cardiovascular Disease-related and all-cause death according to Serum Concentrations of Enterolactone.

Background: Enterolactone is a plant-derived compound that has been associated with a reduced risk of acute coronary events and cancer. Several studies have suggested that serum enterolactone concentration may play a role as a biomarker of a diet high in fiber and vegetables. Owing to its phenolic structure, enterolactone and its plant lignan precursors, which are converted by intestinal bacteria to enterolactone, are potential antioxidants.                                                                                                Methods: The association between serum enterolactone level and the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD)- related , cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related, and all-cause mortality were investigated in the Kuopio Ischeamic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study, which is a prospective population-based study of middle-aged Finnish men. The serum enterolactone concentration and cardiovascular riak factors were determined in 1889 men aged 42 to 60 years. In an average follow-up of 12.2 years, 70 CHD-related, 103 CVD-related, and 242 all-cause deaths occurred in participants free of prior CVD.                                  Results: Mulitvariate analyses showed significant associations between elevated serum enterolactone concentration and reduced risk of CHD- and CVD-related mortality, but weaker associations in relation to all-cause mortality. In the Cox proportional Hazards regression model adjusting for the most potent confounding factors, the risk of CHD-related (P = .03 for trend) and CVD-related (P = .04 for trend) death decreased linearly across quartiles of serum enterolactone concentration.                                         Conclusions: Out data suggest that a high serum enterolactone level is associated with reduced CHD- and CVD-related  mortality in middle-aged Finnish men. These results ass to the evidence supporting the importance of whole grain foods, fruits, and vegetables in the prevention of premature death from CVD. Author's Abstract.